#: locale=en
## Action
### URL
LinkBehaviour_44E19287_0916_D39F_41A2_73D80DF6FEF8.source = https://g.page/Chokoladobana?share
LinkBehaviour_58AC125E_090E_72B1_417B_910A0EB5181B.source = https://g.page/Chokoladobana?share
LinkBehaviour_2E3F5F29_0911_D290_418F_DFFBC5F997C0.source = https://www.3dvista.com/
LinkBehaviour_4A46D27F_0976_536F_419E_202C2955BDC1.source = https://www.3dvista.com/
LinkBehaviour_3CDF76B6_090E_D3F1_4193_0091036959FF.source = https://www.3dvista.com/
LinkBehaviour_2F9CDD89_0917_B190_41A1_9A4D501E696D.source = https://www.facebook.com/wescangeorgia/
LinkBehaviour_3CDCA6B6_090E_D3F1_419F_00A7F0329A0B.source = https://www.facebook.com/wescangeorgia/
## E-Learning
### Question Screen
quizQuestion_E87D4F4B_F924_FA92_41ED_412E531B88EB.ok = OK
### Report Screen
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.title = - SCORE -
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.completion = Completed
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.questionsCorrect = Correct
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.downloadCSV = Download .csv
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.questionsIncorrect = Incorrect
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.items = Items Found
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.questions = Questions
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.repeat = Repeat
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.submitToLMS = Submit
quizScore_E87A9F4B_F924_FA92_41C2_72C3C0A35EF5.elapsedTime = Time
### Score Name
score1.label = Score 1
### Timeout Screen
quizTimeout_E87E1F4B_F924_FA92_41E4_D4E8882711D9.title = - TIMEOUT -
quizTimeout_E87E1F4B_F924_FA92_41E4_D4E8882711D9.repeat = Repeat
quizTimeout_E87E1F4B_F924_FA92_41E4_D4E8882711D9.score = View Score
## Media
### Audio
audiores_8EF6C9BF_EA34_C159_41EB_2644B1513884.mp3Url = media/audio_8EA31100_EA34_C127_41DC_39C9EC695940_en.mp3
audiores_A5D67197_F402_7A52_41D3_A343D2D1DC47.mp3Url = media/audio_B628D439_F402_BA5E_41D0_4B71F587DB79_en.mp3
audiores_B4DB4F11_F402_862E_41D7_7863FFA70DAD.mp3Url = media/audio_DB059B5F_F53A_3EE7_41E0_2E9D31EAE683_en.mp3
audiores_E3B5306E_FA6B_C78F_4194_742460D0A2C6.mp3Url = media/audio_E319DD23_FA6B_D9B5_41E4_2ECABA485E69_en.mp3
audiores_E3B42FFC_FA6B_F88C_41C6_0D919E516CAB.mp3Url = media/audio_E3C9D39D_FA6A_488D_41B9_D399EFA05654_en.mp3
audiores_D86604CB_FA1B_C8F4_41EA_59CC6FCFC767.mp3Url = media/audio_E46EEA02_FA16_5B77_41EA_197F5D50E068_en.mp3
### Floorplan
### Image
imlevel_2549788E_3605_3477_41B2_9C264237FD3E.url = media/map_94A02C79_A2F8_6F47_41DF_1A9E49EB6453_en_0.png
imlevel_2548888E_3605_3477_41A7_24D4B20747CD.url = media/map_94A02C79_A2F8_6F47_41DF_1A9E49EB6453_en_1.png
imlevel_2548988E_3605_3477_41B2_19052A62C360.url = media/map_94A02C79_A2F8_6F47_41DF_1A9E49EB6453_en_2.png
imlevel_1A6EEC5C_08F6_F6B0_4170_768418B2BE48.url = media/popup_922EF776_AC3B_E96C_41E1_72E6341CD04A_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_1A6CEC5C_08F6_F6B0_419A_8459CCC5E3C7.url = media/popup_922EF776_AC3B_E96C_41E1_72E6341CD04A_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_1A6C9C5C_08F6_F6B0_4196_B77D8AC29381.url = media/popup_922EF776_AC3B_E96C_41E1_72E6341CD04A_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_1A6CBC5C_08F6_F6B0_418F_6AAE068E47CA.url = media/popup_922EF776_AC3B_E96C_41E1_72E6341CD04A_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_1A6EE384_08F6_D190_4194_9738DB379B1A.url = media/popup_92786623_ADCD_AAE5_41E5_9FB85B3DF7D9_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_1A6EF384_08F6_D190_4175_0BC009F25044.url = media/popup_92786623_ADCD_AAE5_41E5_9FB85B3DF7D9_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_1A6EC384_08F6_D190_4181_121BC3F5FBD1.url = media/popup_92786623_ADCD_AAE5_41E5_9FB85B3DF7D9_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_1A6EA385_08F6_D190_4198_445B108AAA6A.url = media/popup_92786623_ADCD_AAE5_41E5_9FB85B3DF7D9_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_1A6EB385_08F6_D190_419E_12F914CDC208.url = media/popup_92786623_ADCD_AAE5_41E5_9FB85B3DF7D9_en_0_4.jpg
imlevel_1A6E78DA_08F6_DFB6_4179_21FD959B9A1E.url = media/popup_E74E78ED_ADDD_677C_41D9_B4C202713EFA_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_1A6E48DB_08F6_DFB7_4194_02CE149D4D1C.url = media/popup_E74E78ED_ADDD_677C_41D9_B4C202713EFA_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_1A6E58DB_08F6_DFB7_419C_3F665C36D6AF.url = media/popup_E74E78ED_ADDD_677C_41D9_B4C202713EFA_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_1A6E28DB_08F6_DFB7_41A1_C38C00B52E67.url = media/popup_E74E78ED_ADDD_677C_41D9_B4C202713EFA_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_1A6E38DB_08F6_DFB7_419E_E1CC2B374F6A.url = media/popup_E74E78ED_ADDD_677C_41D9_B4C202713EFA_en_0_4.jpg
imlevel_1A687394_08F6_D1B0_419A_AF20AB4130A6.url = media/popup_E7652C66_ADDD_5F6C_41E3_35717BCB8E46_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_1A684394_08F6_D1B0_4161_F52A4EA21372.url = media/popup_E7652C66_ADDD_5F6C_41E3_35717BCB8E46_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_1A682395_08F6_D1B0_41A1_5D9D1C88B50E.url = media/popup_E7652C66_ADDD_5F6C_41E3_35717BCB8E46_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_1A683395_08F6_D1B0_41A0_D5FDAA4D261A.url = media/popup_E7652C66_ADDD_5F6C_41E3_35717BCB8E46_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_1A6E2E59_08F6_D2B3_4182_9A94230C1E33.url = media/popup_EC7E11C7_ADCB_E9AC_4182_CB1D6607C745_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_1A6E3E59_08F6_D2B3_4198_A928572820A3.url = media/popup_EC7E11C7_ADCB_E9AC_4182_CB1D6607C745_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_1A6E0E5A_08F6_D2B1_4190_26CBEC09686E.url = media/popup_EC7E11C7_ADCB_E9AC_4182_CB1D6607C745_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_1A6E1E5A_08F6_D2B1_4196_A871A18A093E.url = media/popup_EC7E11C7_ADCB_E9AC_4182_CB1D6607C745_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_1A6EEE5A_08F6_D2B1_419C_4A36B054AFE7.url = media/popup_EC7E11C7_ADCB_E9AC_4182_CB1D6607C745_en_0_4.jpg
### Popup Image
### Subtitle
panorama_02D864E6_0C68_AF7C_4199_AB7F9A9371D2.subtitle = R0010585-Edit
panorama_02D859B6_0C69_B9DC_4162_A91DDFE15434.subtitle = 1 R0010518-Edit
panorama_02D7C752_0C67_A954_419D_9809EFE31B0C.subtitle = 13 R0010724-Edit-Edit
panorama_02D7D159_0C67_6954_4178_4389147A5FA5.subtitle = 13 R0010728-Edit-2
panorama_02D8380C_0C67_A6CC_4189_75E63346FBE0.subtitle = 14 R0010713-Edit-2
panorama_02D83952_0C67_D954_4191_42527AC79CD8.subtitle = 15 R0010711-Edit-2
panorama_02D80768_0C69_6974_4182_7A186F39780F.subtitle = 17 R0010580-Edit
panorama_02D9B686_0C69_6BBC_41A8_0F326DC3571C.subtitle = 18 ....R0010583-Edit
panorama_02D79FF6_0C67_795C_41A3_8BF0DDA0F89B.subtitle = 20 R0010743-Edit
panorama_02D72E3E_0C67_5ACC_419B_06D377789363.subtitle = 20 R0010745-Edit
panorama_02D9A29F_0C68_ABCC_4195_6BD54B418EE9.subtitle = 20 3R0010621-Edit
panorama_02D81249_0C68_AAB5_419D_79757B851156.subtitle = 21 R0010626-Edit
panorama_03DEBE8D_0C6B_5BCD_4191_D665B6A728DE.subtitle = 22 R0010370-Edit
panorama_02D81911_0C69_A6D4_41A2_E2B62E4C7274.subtitle = 23 R0010536-Edit
panorama_02D8E14D_0C67_694C_419E_0D23EF2D56F1.subtitle = 3 R0010641-Edit
panorama_02D7ECF4_0C67_BF5C_41A0_1AD9A3B1AAAB.subtitle = 4 R0010671-Edit-2
panorama_02D89FD9_0C67_7954_4190_C06AB1670810.subtitle = 8 R0010654-Edit-2
panorama_02D77E2B_0C67_5AF5_4172_B9E09F92E1E0.subtitle = 8 R0010666-Edit-2
panorama_02D8DABE_0C67_FBCC_4194_35D81D812160.subtitle = 8 R0010700-Edit
panorama_02D70BD9_0C67_D954_4189_032D6312855D.subtitle = 9 R0010685-Edit-2
panorama_02D8C3DA_0C68_A954_41A8_2433658F0FE6.subtitle = R0010593-Edit
### Title
model_DFE0BCB9_EF20_0B52_41EB_3DF275966155.label = 3D Model
panorama_02D79FF6_0C67_795C_41A3_8BF0DDA0F89B.label = Church of Prince
panorama_02D72E3E_0C67_5ACC_419B_06D377789363.label = Church of Prince 2
panorama_02D9A29F_0C68_ABCC_4195_6BD54B418EE9.label = Church of Prince 3
panorama_02D4C542_0C69_AEB4_41A7_8A372C96D821.label = Entrance
panorama_02D8E14D_0C67_694C_419E_0D23EF2D56F1.label = Grand Gate
panorama_02D9B686_0C69_6BBC_41A8_0F326DC3571C.label = Grand Hall
panorama_02D7D159_0C67_6954_4178_4389147A5FA5.label = Hall of Tamara
panorama_02D7C752_0C67_A954_419D_9809EFE31B0C.label = Hall of Tamara (interior)
panorama_02D77E2B_0C67_5AF5_4172_B9E09F92E1E0.label = Hall with Caissons
panorama_02D8DABE_0C67_FBCC_4194_35D81D812160.label = Hall with Loggia
panorama_02D80768_0C69_6974_4182_7A186F39780F.label = Hall with high throne
panorama_02D89FD9_0C67_7954_4190_C06AB1670810.label = Liff-side Temple
panorama_02D81249_0C68_AAB5_419D_79757B851156.label = Long Hall
panorama_02D859B6_0C69_B9DC_4162_A91DDFE15434.label = Main Road
panorama_02D83952_0C67_D954_4191_42527AC79CD8.label = Main Square
panorama_02D7ECF4_0C67_BF5C_41A0_1AD9A3B1AAAB.label = Main Tower
panorama_02DB5BC0_0C69_F9B3_41A0_9551A797B7DF.label = Museum
panorama_03DEBE8D_0C6B_5BCD_4191_D665B6A728DE.label = Museum-Reserve
panorama_02D8C3DA_0C68_A954_41A8_2433658F0FE6.label = Near the Church
panorama_02D81911_0C69_A6D4_41A2_E2B62E4C7274.label = Path to Uplistsikhe Winery
panorama_02D864E6_0C68_AF7C_4199_AB7F9A9371D2.label = Red and Simple Halls
panorama_02D8FA6A_0C69_DB77_419A_3FE738F38F9F.label = Road
panorama_02D70BD9_0C67_D954_4189_032D6312855D.label = Temple of Makvliani
panorama_02D8380C_0C67_A6CC_4189_75E63346FBE0.label = Three-sided Basilica
map_94A02C79_A2F8_6F47_41DF_1A9E49EB6453.label = map
## Skin
### Button
Button_A2721F8F_EF20_054E_41E5_0CA24A0455BE.label = Click to Start
Button_44B7780B_79F1_4CD8_41D9_9639506FC3F6_mobile.label = OPEN GOOGLE MAPS
Button_44B7780B_79F1_4CD8_41D9_9639506FC3F6.label = OPEN GOOGLE MAPS
Button_6226F019_EBFC_DF58_41EC_19C1F30D235D_mobile.label = Skip Intro
Button_6226F019_EBFC_DF58_41EC_19C1F30D235D.label = Skip Intro
Button_A2721F8F_EF20_054E_41E5_0CA24A0455BE_mobile.label = Tap to Start
### Image
Image_2E2511EB_09F2_7197_419E_5C211F14EA5A.url = skin/Image_2E2511EB_09F2_7197_419E_5C211F14EA5A_en.jpg
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Image_2E5F2D82_09F1_B191_4173_3E9AEB31E303_mobile.url = skin/Image_2E5F2D82_09F1_B191_4173_3E9AEB31E303_mobile_en.png
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HTMLText_6F264463_799C_146F_41BD_389FA8EC808F_mobile.html = In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
The larges44t (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Temple decorated with Roman
octagonal caissons.
Temple decorated with Roman
octagonal caissons.
The largest (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The largest (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
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Measurements of distances and areas
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Temple decorated with Roman octagonal caissons.
HISTORY:
Uplistsikhe is identified by archaeologists as one of the oldest urban settlements in Georgia. Strategically located in the heartland of ancient kingdom of Kartli (or Iberia as it was known to the Classical authors), it emerged as a major political and religious center of the country. The town's age and importance led medieval Georgian written tradition to ascribe its foundation to the mythical Uplos, son of Mtskhetos, and grandson of Kartlos.
The earliest traces of human presence in Uplistsikhe date back to the end of the 2nd millennium BC. Its earliest remaining structures are from the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. With the Christianization of Kartli early in the 4th century, Uplistsikhe seems to have declined in its importance and lost its position to the new centers of Christian culture – Mtskheta and, later Tbilisi. Meanwhile, it continued to develop as a town. The first Christina basilica was constructed in the 6th century. However, Uplistsikhe reemerged as a principal Georgian stronghold during the Muslim conquest of Tbilisi in the 8th-10th centuries. Another, three-church basilica was constructed at that time. The Mongol raids in the 14th century marked the ultimate eclipse of the town; it was virtually abandoned, and only occasionally used as a temporary shelter in times of foreign intrusions.
ARCHITECTURE:
The town was cut into a flat, straight, but slightly inclining mountain. Nearly straight western wall went down to the river. Outside protection of the town was also facilitated by two motes, northern and eastern, with wall built into them. The river itself closed access to the town from the south, but it was possible to get into the town through a 3 m tunnel that functioned as water supply. The tunnel was closed by metal gate in case of invasion. Two of the three roads that approached the town were not protected, but the third, coming from the north, was cut in rock, with up to 10 m high walls.[2]
The Uplistsikhe complex can tentatively be divided into three parts: south (lower), middle (central) and north (upper) covering an area of approximately 8 hectares. The middle part is the largest, contains a bulk of the Uplistsikhe rock-cut structures, and is connected to the southern part via a narrow rock-cut pass and a tunnel. Narrow alleys and sometimes staircases radiate from the central "street" to the different structures.[1] Th southern part has a complex of structures. Among them a ceremonial hall is the most notable.
A pillar hall with two adjacent rooms is one of the most important structures in the town. Its ceiling was supported by two pillars. A stone bench, probably, served as a ruler's seat.
The majority of the caves are devoid of any decorations, although some of the larger structures have coffered tunnel-vaulted ceilings, with the stone carved in imitation of logs. Some of the larger structures also have niches in the back or sides, which may have been used for ceremonial purposes. The facade of the large ceremonial hall of the southern part is decorated by the Roman type arch with pediment.
The 6th century basilica was largely cut into the rock, except its southern wall, built from the rocks. At the summit of the complex is a Christian basilica built of stone and brick in the 9th-10th centuries. Archaeological excavations have discovered numerous artifacts of different periods, including gold, silver and bronze jewellery, and samples of ceramics and sculptures. Many of these artifacts are in the safekeeping of the National Museum in Tbilisi.
Several parts of the most vulnerable areas were completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1920. The stability of the monument remains under substantial threat, prompting the Fund of Cultural Heritage of Georgia (a joint project of the World Bank and Government of Georgia) to launch a limited program of conservation in 2000. The Uplistsikhe cave complex has been on the tentative list for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage program since 2007.
Content from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uplistsikhe)
Uplistsikhe, literally, "the lord's fortress" is an ancient rock-hewn town in eastern Georgia, some 10 kilometers east of the town of Gori, Shida Kartli.
Temple with Caissons
(also called "The Theater")
The facade with its pediments and its distinctive profile make this temple the center of the architectural composition of the ancient city.
It is very recognizable for its triangular roof and its columns, which have been replaced by raw concrete ones, but we can get an idea of what the originals would have been like in ancient times.
Eastern and Western architectural traditions have met in Uplistsikhe. A semicircular vault, a staple of Parthin balcony architecture, is decorated with Roman octagonal caissons.
As usual in this type of rock structures, it is likely that this building was also some kind of temple. As experts believe it could even be from the 1st century AD. it is possible that ritual works were carried out here, and that they were never intended for a large public.
Click on the model to start measuring.
Double click or Esc key to finish measure.
Click on the Measure button to finish.
HISTORY:
Uplistsikhe is identified by archaeologists as one of the oldest urban settlements in Georgia. Strategically located in the heartland of ancient kingdom of Kartli (or Iberia as it was known to the Classical authors), it emerged as a major political and religious center of the country. The town's age and importance led medieval Georgian written tradition to ascribe its foundation to the mythical Uplos, son of Mtskhetos, and grandson of Kartlos.
The earliest traces of human presence in Uplistsikhe date back to the end of the 2nd millennium BC. Its earliest remaining structures are from the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. With the Christianization of Kartli early in the 4th century, Uplistsikhe seems to have declined in its importance and lost its position to the new centers of Christian culture – Mtskheta and, later Tbilisi. Meanwhile, it continued to develop as a town. The first Christina basilica was constructed in the 6th century. However, Uplistsikhe reemerged as a principal Georgian stronghold during the Muslim conquest of Tbilisi in the 8th-10th centuries. Another, three-church basilica was constructed at that time. The Mongol raids in the 14th century marked the ultimate eclipse of the town; it was virtually abandoned, and only occasionally used as a temporary shelter in times of foreign intrusions.
Content from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uplistsikhe)
Uplistsikhe, literally, "the lord's fortress" is an ancient rock-hewn town in eastern Georgia, some 10 kilometers east of the town of Gori, Shida Kartli.
Temple with Caissons
(also called "The Theater")
The facade with its pediments and its distinctive profile make this temple the center of the architectural composition of the ancient city.
It is very recognizable for its triangular roof and its columns, which have been replaced by raw concrete ones, but we can get an idea of what the originals would have been like in ancient times.
Eastern and Western architectural traditions have met in Uplistsikhe. A semicircular vault, a staple of Parthin balcony architecture, is decorated with Roman octagonal caissons.
As usual in this type of rock structures, it is likely that this building was also some kind of temple. As experts believe it could even be from the 1st century AD. it is possible that ritual works were carried out here, and that they were never intended for a large public.
Project created by
3DVista & WeScan
A new in-depth way of discovering sites that combines and integrates standard 360's with 3dvista's newly released 3d technology. The project has been created by 3DVista Studios using the program VT PRO. The material used in this demo (3d model and panoramas) has kindly been provided by WeScan Georgia.
Church of Prince
The Uplistsuli church (2nd half of the 10th century) was erected in the place of an earlier pagan temple. Traces of the ancient structure can be clearly discerned near the foundations of the western wall.
In 337, following the proclamation of Christianity as the state religion in Georgia, a confrontation arose between the pagan citizens of Uplistsikhe and the early Christians, which resulted in the persecution of the priests and residents of Uplistsikhe; part of the city's facilities were destroyed and burned, establishing Christian churches in the place of the two main pagan temples. An early Christian Church document was found calling for the pagans of Uplistsikhe to be killed, and perhaps many priests, as well as some residents of the town, were executed during that period.
The Temple of the Sun, at the top of the city, was rebuilt into a Christian church. Another large pagan temple with a plaza opening onto the Central Plaza in the 6th century was rebuilt into a three-aisled Christian basilica covering some 400 square meters in area. Both structures collapsed faster than the others, and in the early middle ages a whole new church was built on the main site of Uplistsikhe, which was called the "Uplistsuli church" (Church of the Prince). This building belongs to the X-XI centuries.
A large cellar was also destroyed by the early Christians. As the archaeologists discovered, "jars were removed, wooden buildings collapsed, and then fire was set on fire."
For a long time in Uplistsikhe the secret worship of pagan deities continued. Archaeologists have found enclosed spaces, where even after the introduction of Christianity, small cult rituals and animal sacrifices continued to be performed. In general, with the introduction of Christianity, the value of Uplistsikhe naturally fell sharply; the flow of donations ceased, the number of pilgrims decreased. The city in its value also decreased to a common fortress.
Hall of Tamara
In the early 12th-13th centuries, Queen Tamara of Georgia is believed to have stopped at Uplistsikhe, but scholars disagree on that point. However, one of the ancient pagan temples, converted into royal chambers in the 10th century, was preserved in the oral traditions of the local population from the 19th century as the "Hall of Queen Tamara".
The architecture of this era is full of rock chambers and is therefore atypical not only in Georgia, but also in the entire Transcaucasian region. The builders sought to reproduce the typical details of traditional stone or wood architecture. Many of the rooms in the rock are decorated with imitation wooden or stone beams, columns and other architectural elements. In this respect, Uplistsikhe is similar to Petra in Arabia, which was also built in the Hellenistic period, as well as some buildings in Paphlagonia. The influence of part architecture is not excluded.
The construction of the Uplistsikhe premises was carried out in two stages: first there was a large roughing of the rock, then - as it approached the line of the wall - the stone was finely encased to the desired shape, a process reminiscent of the sculptor's work. Water and abrasive stone were used for refining, and the process not only gave the rock the required shape, but also applied a reliable protective layer on the rock surface (stoneware). This layer was designed to prevent structural damage.
Temple of Makvliani
The Makvliani temple is the largest (with a total area of about 300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The temple is an object of conjecture, and caissons are engraved on the ceiling like in other significant halls.
Makvliani, the name of the area, does not give us information about the origin of the temple, since this word translates as 'mulberry', because of the vines that hang from the ceiling.
There is a good chance that this temple was a place of worship for the Sun Goddess of the Caucasus.
Three-side Basilica
For the worship of chthonic deities, large pits with a diameter of one to four meters were used, and the depth of some of them reached 12 meters. The pits were used for the ritual sacrifice of animals to the gods of the underworld. Before detailed excavations and analysis of the remains of material from the bottom of the pits, their purpose remained uncertain. As one of the assumptions, it was suggested that the large pits served as a prison. This assumption turned out to be incorrect, but some popular sources still indicate the existence of "underground prisons" in Uplistsikhe. There is no consensus among monument researchers as to whether all religious buildings should be considered temples in the classical sense of the word, but most scientists agree that they served a religious purpose.
We can observe one of the sacrificial wells for the worship of the deities, covered with a modern net. The well was part of an ancient temple, which was later rebuilt into a Christian basilica.
Uplistsikhe Museum
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe has become a tourist center. As the parallel works on the cleaning of the settlement, carried out since 1957 by an archaeological expedition, were carried out, the tourist value of the monument increased: more and more ancient rooms were available for visit. Of the more than 700 buildings in the city, about 150 have been preserved. The buildings are open to tourists.
Towards the end of the 20th century, the danger of serious damage to many buildings increased due to the erosion of the stoneware. The Georgian government was unable to allocate sufficient financial funds for the reconstruction of the Uplistsikhe caves, and a new small earthquake in 2000 severely damaged some buildings.
In 2000, the World Bank, together with the Georgian government, allocated money for the reconstruction of a part of the monument, and also paid for the provision of a tourist center near Uplistsikhe, which could provide information in different languages. It is currently unclear how these funds have been used, as the resort is generally closed, and the Georgian side claims that the money allocated for reconstruction was not enough. Experts predict serious destruction of the monument in the next 30 years, if timely measures are not taken to preserve the existing cuts. Uplistsikhe is located in an active seismic area, and subsequent earthquakes can also seriously damage the monument, especially if conservation measures are not taken.
Project created by
3DVista & WeScan
A new in-depth way of discovering sites that combines and integrates standard 360's with 3dvista's newly released 3d technology. The project has been created by 3DVista Studios using the program VT PRO. The material used in this demo (3d model and panoramas) has kindly been provided by WeScan Georgia.
Church of Prince
The Uplistsuli church (2nd half of the 10th c) was erected in the place of an earlier pagan temple. Traces of the ancient structure can be clearly discerned near the foundations of the western wall.
In 337, following the proclamation of Christianity as the state religion in Georgia, a confrontation arose between the pagan citizens of Uplistsikhe and the early Christians, which resulted in the persecution of the priests and residents of Uplistsikhe; part of the city's facilities were destroyed and burned, establishing Christian churches in the place of the two main pagan temples. An early Christian Church document was found calling for the pagans of Uplistsikhe to be killed, and perhaps many priests, as well as some residents of the town, were executed during that period.
The Temple of the Sun, at the top of the city, was rebuilt into a Christian church. Another large pagan temple with a plaza opening onto the Central Plaza in the 6th century was rebuilt into a three-aisled Christian basilica covering some 400 square meters in area. Both structures collapsed faster than the others, and in the early middle ages a whole new church was built on the main site of Uplistsikhe, which was called the "Uplistsuli church" (Church of the Prince). This building belongs to the X-XI centuries.
A large cellar was also destroyed by the early Christians. As the archaeologists discovered, "jars were removed, wooden buildings collapsed, and then fire was set on fire."
For a long time in Uplistsikhe the secret worship of pagan deities continued. Archaeologists have found enclosed spaces, where even after the introduction of Christianity, small cult rituals and animal sacrifices continued to be performed. In general, with the introduction of Christianity, the value of Uplistsikhe naturally fell sharply; the flow of donations ceased, the number of pilgrims decreased. The city in its value also decreased to a common fortress.
Hall of Tamara
In the early 12th-13th centuries, Queen Tamara of Georgia is believed to have stopped at Uplistsikhe, but scholars disagree on that point. However, one of the ancient pagan temples, converted into royal chambers in the 10th century, was preserved in the oral traditions of the local population from the 19th century as the "Hall of Queen Tamara".
The architecture of this era is full of rock chambers and is therefore atypical not only in Georgia, but also in the entire Transcaucasian region. The builders sought to reproduce the typical details of traditional stone or wood architecture. Many of the rooms in the rock are decorated with imitation wooden or stone beams, columns and other architectural elements. In this respect, Uplistsikhe is similar to Petra in Arabia, which was also built in the Hellenistic period, as well as some buildings in Paphlagonia. The influence of part architecture is not excluded.
The construction of the Uplistsikhe premises was carried out in two stages: first there was a large roughing of the rock, then - as it approached the line of the wall - the stone was finely encased to the desired shape, a process reminiscent of the sculptor's work. Water and abrasive stone were used for refining, and the process not only gave the rock the required shape, but also applied a reliable protective layer on the rock surface (stoneware). This layer was designed to prevent structural damage.
Temple of Makvliani
The Makvliani temple is the largest (with a total area of about 300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The temple is an object of conjecture, and caissons are engraved on the ceiling like in other significant halls.
Makvliani, the name of the area, does not give us information about the origin of the temple, since this word translates as 'mulberry', because of the vines that hang from the ceiling.
There is a good chance that this temple was a place of worship for the Sun Goddess of the Caucasus.
Three-side Basilica
For the worship of chthonic deities, large pits with a diameter of one to four meters were used, and the depth of some of them reached 12 meters. The pits were used for the ritual sacrifice of animals to the gods of the underworld. Before detailed excavations and analysis of the remains of material from the bottom of the pits, their purpose remained uncertain. As one of the assumptions, it was suggested that the large pits served as a prison. This assumption turned out to be incorrect, but some popular sources still indicate the existence of "underground prisons" in Uplistsikhe. There is no consensus among monument researchers as to whether all religious buildings should be considered temples in the classical sense of the word, but most scientists agree that they served a religious purpose.
We can observe one of the sacrificial wells for the worship of the deities, covered with a modern net. The well was part of an ancient temple, which was later rebuilt into a Christian basilica.
Uplistsikhe Museum
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe has become a tourist center. As the parallel works on the cleaning of the settlement, carried out since 1957 by an archaeological expedition, were carried out, the tourist value of the monument increased: more and more ancient rooms were available for visit. Of the more than 700 buildings in the city, about 150 have been preserved. The buildings are open to tourists.
Towards the end of the 20th century, the danger of serious damage to many buildings increased due to the erosion of the stoneware. The Georgian government was unable to allocate sufficient financial funds for the reconstruction of the Uplistsikhe caves, and a new small earthquake in 2000 severely damaged some buildings.
In 2000, the World Bank, together with the Georgian government, allocated money for the reconstruction of a part of the monument, and also paid for the provision of a tourist center near Uplistsikhe, which could provide information in different languages. It is currently unclear how these funds have been used, as the resort is generally closed, and the Georgian side claims that the money allocated for reconstruction was not enough. Experts predict serious destruction of the monument in the next 30 years, if timely measures are not taken to preserve the existing cuts. Uplistsikhe is located in an active seismic area, and subsequent earthquakes can also seriously damage the monument, especially if conservation measures are not taken.
Uplistsikhe cave city / Autor: Dudva
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Uplistsikhe_cave_city.jpg
A new way to discover the ancient heritage from the past with the new technology developed by 3DVista.
Coordinates: N41 58 E44 12
Coordinates: N41 58 E44 12
Built on a high rocky left bank of the Mtkvari River, it contains various structures dating from the Early Iron Age to the Late Middle Ages, and is notable for the unique combination of various styles of rock-cut cultures from Anatolia and Iran, as well as the co-existence of pagan and Christian architecture.