#: locale=en ## Action ### URL PopupWebFrameBehaviour_04DABA5B_042B_DD89_4184_E053166CD327.url = //www.youtube.com/embed/19PLw5BU0so PopupWebFrameBehaviour_04D0995F_0437_DF89_4163_B8B855EB9163.url = //www.youtube.com/embed/6R3PsLXNx5s PopupWebFrameBehaviour_04D1470A_0436_B38B_418F_DE0959C92154.url = //www.youtube.com/embed/g1vkOS35qHA ## Hotspot ### Text HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_C2BCC08B_0436_AE89_4147_59AC5C432347.text = ? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A75121EE_219A_C165_41B7_02D784F087F8.text = ? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_04B3DCD7_0479_5699_4175_DBC11E7E5E9D.text = ? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A0499451_0419_B599_4176_1A299F24EFAE.text = ? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A09421DF_0EB5_9E63_417A_4723C85373DE.text = ? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A7B6CF8F_CC82_245D_41E6_14F096730D5A.text = Alpine Ecosystem HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A09531DF_0EB5_9E63_41A2_D61F91DFEFD1.text = How might the reintroduction of wolves to Rocky Mountain National Park benefit aspen trees? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_04B3DCD8_0479_5697_4191_90CB7816FB8E.text = How might warmer and drier conditions caused by climate change impact moss campion? If moss campion is affected by climate change, how might that impact other alpine organisms (half-black bees)? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_AB5D880B_2187_4EA3_41B5_FB4C379B45A8.text = Human-caused climate change is projected to make Rocky Mountain National Park warmer and drier in the future. How might these warm and dry conditions impact the ability of ponderosa pine seedlings to grow back after a wildfire? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_9C01BF82_C582_2447_41B7_2A8DC780BD5F.text = Montane Ecosystem 1 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A73FFD42_C582_E4C7_41D3_D157CE61D648.text = Montane Ecosystem 2 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_91891E3B_C586_6445_41D5_92D7EF07279A.text = Montane Ecosystem 2 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A09681E0_0EB5_9E5D_41A9_9881623FC4D4.text = Open meadows and hilly slopes provide habitat for a variety of plant (aspen trees) and animal (elk) life in the montane ecosystem. HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_3DDB89B5_1DAA_16EF_4193_F178A896A6D7.text = Ranging from ~6000-9000 ft in elevation, the montane ecosystem is warmer and drier than other ecosystems in the park. Plants in the montane ecosystem have adapted to abiotic conditions like drought and wildfires in a variety of ways. HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_9C682D5F_C582_24FD_41A0_BBD5D1AC4DDE.text = Subalpine Ecosystem 1 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B970C9B0_CC83_EC43_41DC_A21725130DE1.text = Subalpine Ecosystem 1 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B83AA8B3_CC81_EC45_41E5_55EDC7ECC621.text = Subalpine Ecosystem 2 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A2834C6B_C581_E4C5_41CE_8D7B2D6C7F97.text = Subalpine Ecosystem 2 HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_04B3DCD9_0479_5689_4190_78B45ABD0446.text = The alpine ecosystem, often referred to as the alpine tundra, is the land above treeline and make up a third of Rocky Mountain National Park. From afar it may look like a desert without any life. Up close however, more than 200 species of tiny grasses, flowers, mosses, and many animals have adapted to live in the alpine’s extreme conditions. HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_6261DD80_0429_7777_418F_58804DE1E110.text = This 360° picture, taken at an elevation of ~9000 feet in June, 2022, shows a lodgepole pine forest that was burned during the October, 2020 East Troublesome Fire, the second largest wildfire in Colorado history. The fire was human-caused and burned more than 190,000 acres including parts of the montane, subalpine, and alpine ecosystems. HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_C00C440C_043B_758F_4190_0E0AFC303A54.text = Treeline, the area above which trees do not grow, marks the transition zone between the subalpine and alpine ecosystems. While some snow and ice still clings to the high alpine ecosystem in this picture (taken June 15th, 2022), it is the forested subalpine ecosystem that actually gets more precipitation than either the alpine or montane regions. HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_AD30FAB9_0419_7289_4184_59FD745D8FAF.text = What abiotic factors might prevent lodgepole pine seedlings from growing back after a wildfire? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_C032740D_043B_7589_4174_EDB8839425ED.text = Why might hydrologists be interested in studying the effects of climate change on the amount of snow accumulation throughout the Rocky Mountains? HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_6A2446E1_041F_B2B9_4186_9F1101155D64.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_C00C340C_043B_758F_4190_BD89885A56EE.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_C032240D_043B_7589_418E_A2CB2BAC63C2.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_AD30AABA_0419_728B_4170_7D6F3FD15537.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A096F1DF_0EB5_9E63_4183_3A57FE049843.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_A095E1E0_0EB5_9E5D_419B_83CA2E242C22.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_86A69A1B_04E9_BD89_4164_3F723C0E1F66.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_04B3DCD9_0479_5689_4188_82DA24344DE6.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_7D0DBFD4_04EB_529F_4163_7663EA5D7E61.text = X HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_04B3DCD8_0479_5697_4152_6CE3F9D6519C.text = X ## Media ### Description photo_31C04AD2_041A_B29B_4181_3618486DB65D.description = A wide spreading root system allows ponderosa pine trees to survive in dry environments. Large ponderosa pine trees can have roots that extend 6 feet down into the soil and laterally more than 150 feet! However, younger trees (seedlings) have a much smaller root system making it harder for them to grow and survive in drought conditions. (Image 2 of 2) photo_31C04AD2_041A_B29B_4181_3618486DB65D.description = A wide spreading root system allows ponderosa pine trees to survive in dry environments. Large ponderosa pine trees can have roots that extend 6 feet down into the soil and laterally more than 150 feet! However, younger trees (seedlings) have a much smaller root system making it harder for them to grow and survive in drought conditions. (Image 2 of 2) album_E6CF2FD9_0F6C_826E_4194_8BAA56B47CC2_1.description = Aspen grow year round - yes, even in the winter! Beneath the thin, white outer bark is a green photosynthetic layer (seen in this picture) that allows the tree to make sugars and grow. This green, sugary layer provides important nutrients to elk, especially in the winter. (Image 2 of 2) album_E6CF2FD9_0F6C_826E_4194_8BAA56B47CC2_0.description = Aspen trees grow in stands (groups), where each tree is connected by the same root system. Photo by Jim Westfall. (Image 1 of 2) album_EF80B793_041A_D299_4178_276A78358AB3_1.description = Bark beetles are about the size of a grain of rice. These beetles burrow through tree bark and lay their eggs. When the eggs hatch, they eat the wood beneath the bark, eventually cutting off the supply of nutrients that flow from the tree's roots to its highest branches. Image from the National Park Service. (Image 2 of 3) album_EE38BA96_0F6C_82E5_4194_EE1FFB5C863A_0.description = Elk are the largest and most abundant wild animal in RMNP with more than 3200 elk scattered throughout the park in the summer and ~600-800 elk spending winter in the park. Photo by Courtney Johnson. (Image 1 of 4) album_EE38BA96_0F6C_82E5_4194_EE1FFB5C863A_2.description = In the absence of their main predator (the wolf), elk in and around RMNP can spend more time worrying about eating than being eaten. As a result, aspen trees, which are important habitats for other wildlife, have been in decline because of overgrazing (overeating) by elk. This image shows teeth marks from elk feeding on these aspen trees. Photo by Leroy Chavez. (Image 3 of 4) album_E4A64363_042A_B3B9_4166_055C008F1C5A_1.description = In the spring, water from snowmelt soaks the ground and flows downhill in streams and rivers (tributaries) until it reaches the Colorado River. 70% of the Colorado River water comes from snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains. (Image 2 of 2) album_EE38BA96_0F6C_82E5_4194_EE1FFB5C863A_1.description = In the summer, elk will move to higher elevations where it is cooler and feed on grasses, flowers, and leaves. However, in the winter, elk spend much of their time in the montane life zone feeding on grasses and tree bark (especially the bark of aspen trees). Photo by Leroy Chavez. (Image 2 of 4) photo_32377AE7_0419_D2B9_4183_C2320EB74AB4.description = Large, mature ponderosa pine trees have thick bark that protects them from wildfires. Younger, smaller trees (seedlings) do not have this same thick bark and are therefore more likely to be killed by fires. (Image 1 of 2) photo_32377AE7_0419_D2B9_4183_C2320EB74AB4.description = Large, mature ponderosa pine trees have thick bark that protects them from wildfires. Younger, smaller trees (seedlings) do not have this same thick bark and are therefore more likely to be killed by fires. (Image 1 of 2) album_972D94F0_04FA_B697_4154_8EFA23578AC0_1.description = Lodgepole pine seeds released after a wildfire are more likely to germinate and grow into small trees (seedlings) like the one pictured here by the hand if there is plenty of water available. (Image 2 of 2) album_972D94F0_04FA_B697_4154_8EFA23578AC0_0.description = Lodgepole pine trees depend on fire for survival. These fire-adapted trees have two types of closed cones that hold seeds: serotinous and non-serotinous. Non-serotinous cones open to release seeds every few years. In contrast, serotinous cones are sealed tight with a substance called resin and ONLY open up to release seeds during a fire when temperatures are high enough to melt the resin. (Image 1 of 2) album_04BB9B41_0469_D3F9_4190_C2B2BD2E0D97_0.description = Moss campion grows low to the ground and in a round, cushion shape. Its low profile protects the plant from high winds and the cushion shape helps retain moisture and hold in heat. Other tundra plants take advantage of this warm/wet microclimate by growing in and around moss campion plants. (Image 1 of 2) album_04BB9B41_0469_D3F9_4190_C2B2BD2E0D97_1.description = Moss campion only reproduce in the summer when temperatures are warm enough for the plants to flower and attract pollinating insects like the half-black bumblebee. Moss campion flowers must be pollinated in order to produce seeds. (Image 2 of 2) album_5C655121_0439_EFB9_4177_C991FDCB8FAC_0.description = Park rangers have teamed up with citizen scientists to monitor the recovery of landscapes after wildfires. By identifying plant types and measuring their abundance in the years after a wildfire, citizen scientists contribute to the park’s understanding of landscape change and help scientists answer questions like, “how might climate change impact the way landscapes recover after a fire?” album_04BCFA1A_046F_5D8B_4171_80587250F786_0.description = Pika are small (7-8 inches in length), rodent-like mammals that spend their entire lives in the alpine. Their brown and black color camouflages them among the rocky slopes in which they live. Pika fur is thicker in the winter to keep them warm; however, the fur is still thick enough in the summer that pika can overheat and die if exposed to temperatures in the 70s for long periods of time. Photo by Ann Schonlau. (Image 1 of 2) album_04BCFA1A_046F_5D8B_4171_80587250F786_1.description = Pika rely on grasses and wildflowers for food. These food sources are plentiful in the summer but scarce in the winter. To prepare for lean times, pika collect extra grasses and flowers in the summer and even dry them out in the sun (so they don’t get moldy) before storing them in their den until winter. Photo by Ann Schonlau. (Image 2 of 2) album_EE38BA96_0F6C_82E5_4194_EE1FFB5C863A_3.description = Since 2008, 206 acres of temporary fencing have been installed to protect aspen trees from overgrazing by elk, which will in turn help the wildlife that depend on these trees for habitat. (Image 4 of 4) album_92E45E7C_04FF_758F_4187_EC142CC44C62_1.description = Strong winds (estimated at between 50-100 mph) during the East Troublesome fire bent over many lodgepole pine trees. album_3DA38E7B_0417_D589_4165_BCC7A4A5722A_0.description = The montane ecosystem shown in the 360° image was burned by the 2012 Fern Lake Fire (pictured here) which burned about 3,500 acres in Rocky Mountain National Park. Photo by Dennis Geving. album_9604F1D8_04FB_6E97_4162_DDE0C49434F4_0.description = The silvery lupine pictured here is the most common in Colorado. Lupine are pioneer species, meaning that they are some of the first plants to grow back after a wildfire. photo_7F7B3FEE_0EF4_8225_41A4_5429753BF0FE.description = The subalpine ecosystem gets an average of five feet of snow but can be much deeper in areas where wind-blown snow from the alpine accumulates. Photo by John Marino. (Image 1 of 2) photo_7F7B3FEE_0EF4_8225_41A4_5429753BF0FE.description = The subalpine ecosystem gets an average of five feet of snow but can be much deeper in areas where wind-blown snow from the alpine accumulates. Photo by John Marino. (Image 1 of 2) album_E28E0D77_0416_B799_4117_622B5EA9F2D8_0.description = The subalpine is dominated by conifer trees like the subalpine fir, engelmann spruce, and limber pine. Conifer trees have a tapered shape (thin at the top, wider at the bottom) which allows them to distribute the weight of snow more evenly among their branches. Photo by Chris Dillmann. album_EF80B793_041A_D299_4178_276A78358AB3_2.description = Trees protect themselves from bark beetles by making sap which pushes the bark beetles out before they can lay their eggs (producing the pitch tubes pictured above). However, during times of drought, trees produce less sap and are more vulnerable to bark beetle attacks! Image from the National Park Service. (Image 3 of 3) album_EF80B793_041A_D299_4178_276A78358AB3_0.description = Warmer, drier conditions have made forests across Rocky Mountain National Park susceptible to attacks from bark beetles. The gray trees pictured here were killed by bark beetles. Image by Lindsay Bearup. (Image 1 of 3) album_6753FBCE_0439_F28B_417D_53CFA38EEFA4_0.description = Western wallflower is common in meadows across all life zones in RMNP. The sweet smell of the yellow flowers attracts pollinators such as bees. The western wallflower is one of the first plants to grow back (regenerate) after a wildfire. album_88BE5E3D_04F7_5589_418E_C4FFB06D2C92_0.description = Wildfires create nutrient-rich soil and open space for new life to emerge. The regeneration (regrowth) of plants after a disturbance is called secondary succession. Grasses and flowers (like lupine pictured here) are the first to regenerate, followed by shrubs and fire-adapted trees like the lodgepole pine. \ \ Here, rangers and citizen scientists measure the regeneration of plants after the East Troublesome Fire. ### Floorplan ### Image imlevel_7242D100_48A6_843A_41BB_A3D357939A48.url = media/map_D3EA3B63_C486_2CC5_41E4_0832058C959F_en_0.png imlevel_72428100_48A6_843A_41D1_4A38FA3B6A48.url = media/map_D3EA3B63_C486_2CC5_41E4_0832058C959F_en_1.png imlevel_72429100_48A6_843A_41BA_0D13AF06278E.url = media/map_D3EA3B63_C486_2CC5_41E4_0832058C959F_en_2.png imlevel_72424100_48A6_843A_41CD_569A9C6BA9C7.url = media/map_D3EA3B63_C486_2CC5_41E4_0832058C959F_en_3.png imlevel_529D962A_485E_8C4E_41CA_D2EEAB09FD60.url = media/panorama_D02A6DF2_C482_27C7_41E3_903BDC2C064A_HS_0m49btvc_en.png imlevel_529E571C_485E_8C4A_41B4_0082FAE1D978.url = media/panorama_D02A6DF2_C482_27C7_41E3_903BDC2C064A_HS_1nnuervx_en.png imlevel_52992882_485E_843E_41B4_8A99C3E7BC73.url = 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Snow in RMNP_NPS photo_7F7B3FEE_0EF4_8225_41A4_5429753BF0FE.label = A. 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### Title window_0D1BA8C3_13C5_389C_41A8_D71BE6AA3010.title = Aspen Trees window_F639400F_041A_ED89_4185_01DE9CCFE077.title = Bark Beetles window_51F95C77_043F_D598_418C_0F3C2F1141AD.title = Citizen Science window_F5462A72_041A_FD9B_418E_3C02FB6FC780.title = Conifer Trees window_08A1EA36_13C5_1BE4_41AD_A6B33191900C.title = Elk window_96598B3C_04FA_B38F_4191_99B8F2C8ED38.title = Lodgepole Pine window_9553CFA3_04F9_52B9_416E_B14602CDF403.title = Lodgepole Pine window_96DFD0B3_04FA_AE99_4182_ADB35D8F36CA.title = Lupine window_04BEA9FE_046B_FE8B_418D_4034E3ED1165.title = Moss Campion window_04BEB2C2_046B_D2FB_418B_E652A10464F1.title = Pika window_7C93A476_21BA_C765_41B4_15BDE60279C6.title = Ponderosa Pine window_94E5498D_04F9_5E89_4185_DE79B3BC8E64.title = Secondary Succession window_F454C374_041A_F39F_4184_F23A0A2D0386.title = Snowmelt window_04D1470A_0436_B38B_4173_9E97FCE9EF02.title = Watch this video to learn more about Pika! window_04D0995F_0437_DF89_418D_91702AA0DA14.title = Watch this video to learn more about moss campion (scientific name: Silene acaulis)! window_04DABA5B_042B_DD89_4187_00EC3BC60ABB.title = Watch this video to see aerial footage of burn areas across Rocky Mountain National Park after the East Troublesome Fire. window_5F0DDE25_043A_B5B9_418E_5701A4D46E4D.title = Western Wallflower window_4162678C_042E_D28F_4150_060E3FC4B042.title = Wildfire ## Skin ### Image Image_6EA3BA44_56E2_3DB1_41B7_AB5A2B3187E1.url = skin/Image_6EA3BA44_56E2_3DB1_41B7_AB5A2B3187E1_en.png Image_D2504450_C7F1_CE95_41DE_CECBC90F82E8.url = skin/Image_D2504450_C7F1_CE95_41DE_CECBC90F82E8_en.png Image_DC77304C_C7F2_C68D_41C6_870C3271CF47.url = skin/Image_DC77304C_C7F2_C68D_41C6_870C3271CF47_en.png ### Multiline Text HTMLText_181A9EE8_2199_C36D_419C_00495D61A0EE.html =
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## Tour ### Description ### Title tour.name = RMNP Ecology