#: locale=en ## Action ### PDF PopupPDFBehaviour_4786C36A_009E_FA99_4116_370BA0CC5590.url = files/Visiting%20Instructions_en.pdf ### URL WebFrame_22F9EEFF_0C1A_2293_4165_411D4444EFEA.url = https://waitmanbeorn.wixsite.com/my-site-4/janowska-history WebFrame_22F9EEFF_0C1A_2293_4165_411D4444EFEA_mobile.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d14377.55330038866!2d-73.99492968084243!3d40.75084469078082!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c259a9f775f259%3A0x999668d0d7c3fd7d!2s400+5th+Ave%2C+New+York%2C+NY+10018!5e0!3m2!1ses!2sus!4v1467271743182 ## Hotspot ### Text FlatHotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B0FF5C8D_FA49_D6A5_41E5_DBCBB4E65024.text = Begin tour FlatHotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_5C75A877_F56B_23F2_41E1_1003D8A6ADBA.text = Camp Arrivals Tour ### Tooltip HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_70A3880E_6C1D_849F_41BD_297389119D93.toolTip = About this location HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_76E706DC_00A1_DBB9_4151_1695BC7DA22A.toolTip = About this location HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E9BE5ACD_FB16_B533_41D7_50E2D5797831.toolTip = About this location... FlatHotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_498DF059_619F_9D69_41D1_BDCF0DCA4BAF.toolTip = About this location... HotspotMapOverlayArea_B8D5CB94_FB76_AB51_41E6_AA481AF1DC09.toolTip = Appellplatz HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CE66D6E2_FAD9_F29F_41EA_24B23E9785EC.toolTip = Back HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C126E8C8_FB72_5531_41BB_D7E2278C6420.toolTip = Back HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_60A9C855_F56F_6336_41ED_21033390F333.toolTip = Back HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B4DFDB54_FA48_F3BB_41C6_74B267C5B1E8.toolTip = Back HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_744B32D9_6B52_3FC8_41CE_2B32611E8235.toolTip = Building of unknown purpose HotspotMapOverlayArea_BE4A3E6D_FB71_ADF3_41BB_9C00B5B0EF75.toolTip = Camp HQ HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C0484570_FAD8_B67B_41E6_75026C1299A3.toolTip = Camp Headquarters building (which still exists today) HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7148A35C_6C15_8483_41D0_8D4497A811F5.toolTip = Camp Stables HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5ED8AE7B_61AD_6529_41AD_1A270B74875B.toolTip = Camp headquarters building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_872C2642_9A26_E40F_41D2_2BB808ABF5BC.toolTip = Camp headquarters building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BA8C5BAF_FAD8_72E5_41E6_386792C4AE56.toolTip = Camp headquarters building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DD1B9862_FA59_DD9F_41E3_A9B1BAD8D378.toolTip = Camp headquarters building (which still exists today). HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_87C609FE_9A22_6FF7_41C8_F91143307294.toolTip = Commandant's villa HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_AB3FA42C_FA38_D5EB_41D3_F553F53AC54C.toolTip = Forward HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7D89072C_F57F_2D16_41CE_DEC63AC51430.toolTip = Forward HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7DF8A055_F579_2336_41C6_50ECE19F34D5.toolTip = Forward HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B14FEBAA_FA48_F2EF_41E5_754F13DCC2EF.toolTip = Forward HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_75E1B81E_F557_2332_41EE_30E269C21C30.toolTip = Forward HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B09C3A87_A9B2_3911_41D1_BB56915589BC.toolTip = Guard tower. There between 6 and 8 of them around the camp HotspotMapOverlayArea_BE3B87F9_FB71_FAD3_41D1_1E552361FF33.toolTip = Inner Gate HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CD7D7E4C_FAD8_55AB_41D6_80C1B1168FC7.toolTip = Inner gate house HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5D78E4D7_61A4_E579_41D6_A226449EFE04.toolTip = Inner guard shack HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_87EAAD4A_9A2E_E41F_41D6_63F273C4114B.toolTip = Latrines HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_9E5D98B2_8542_EECE_41C2_C147F4B3F63D.toolTip = Listen to a survivor talk about their inprocessing into the camp HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E5C49CB6_FF62_CF89_41D2_C957CB42739B.toolTip = Listen to survivor testimony about arriving in the camp HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6A73B2A0_763D_C861_41A6_641BF9F12135.toolTip = Listen to survivor testimony about the bunker HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BD92FD71_A956_1BF1_41E4_5E745DC3097E.toolTip = Listen to survivor testiomny about selections at the inner gate HotspotMapOverlayArea_BF76361D_FB76_5D53_4199_E5D2C8FA543E.toolTip = Main Gate (Exterior) HotspotMapOverlayArea_BFD7F234_FB76_5551_41E9_45FC01C11FD0.toolTip = Main Gate (interior) HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CDDBEC25_FAF9_D5E5_41DB_FCD68B5FA29A.toolTip = Main gate HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7595478A_6B5E_6648_41AF_B281879B2517.toolTip = Men's Barracks HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4B001C26_6B52_6A78_41B3_160951BD2FDF.toolTip = Men's Barracks HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_86B8B6BC_9A22_647B_41CB_C80424A4247E.toolTip = Men's barracks HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_84D6A035_9A2E_5C75_41E0_A57BB5ADF3C0.toolTip = Men's barracks HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4A739A9E_6B52_2E48_41D9_E7773F182A01.toolTip = Old Camp Kitchen HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_86FD1302_9A21_DC0F_41D2_593BF177C4E8.toolTip = Old camp kitchen HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CC5DE57C_FAD8_566B_41E8_6BFC5B4C1111.toolTip = Prisoner Barracks for men HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_475D1141_61AF_7F59_41B5_69827B3BDE10.toolTip = Read survivor testimony about the headquarters building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7D3034E2_61A5_655B_41C3_270DF9B5FE7D.toolTip = Read testimony about the bunker in the gate HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DA0D7ACC_FFA1_CB99_41A4_21F58349A40B.toolTip = Read testimony about the gate area HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4FC501F7_6C3D_878D_41D5_BF0794A58DFF.toolTip = Read testimony about the inner gate HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4A30CC60_6B56_2AF8_41CC_5251AE18063D.toolTip = SS Housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CDA38BA0_FAFB_D29B_41E7_2AF8FC650934.toolTip = SS Housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B24D58A7_A9B2_7911_41C8_1428362A3A41.toolTip = SS housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B306F7A1_A9CE_3711_41E2_008F71A42B3C.toolTip = SS housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B164BC29_FA38_55ED_41D4_6904591F3447.toolTip = SS housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B20CF802_A9D2_1913_41DC_B7DFCC75122E.toolTip = SS housing HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4D21340B_61EB_A4E9_41C6_825F55A3B8AA.toolTip = See a 1944 photo of the camp headquarters. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B0CD3B50_AE86_2F2C_41DF_67BFE2BEEB1E.toolTip = See a 1944 photograph of these barracks HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E8DBA9B7_FB16_575F_41E7_D4D765F3615C.toolTip = See a drawing of the gate by a survivor HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_584D7774_619C_A33F_41B8_EFBF53162A7F.toolTip = See a drawing of this area by a Janowska prisoner HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_777395E2_00A2_5989_4152_4A40568C05ED.toolTip = See a photo of the Janowska guard force here... HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E88B47E8_FB17_BAF1_41E9_FF9FAB2EF215.toolTip = See a photo of the camp gate, 1942-1944 HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4ABB48F8_61EC_ED37_41C9_7B58AF43D1BC.toolTip = See a photograph of the camp headquarters building today HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D4CC0A60_FFAF_CA89_41EC_78006EDB204E.toolTip = See a photograph of this gate HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B6819E86_FB11_ED31_41E0_29624724C9F5.toolTip = See an image of SS men in front of the guard house HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4C60457A_6C2A_8C87_41BB_2604664CAFD6.toolTip = See an image of this area from 1944 HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_75894C4F_6B56_2AC8_41CE_727857598E68.toolTip = Shoemaker Workshop HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B3515806_FA38_DDA7_41E7_84AB33663374.toolTip = Shoemaker workshop HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CDB5F844_FAF8_DD9B_41E4_3430CDC2E396.toolTip = Shoemaker workshop HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B03A2D4C_A9CE_1B17_41BC_CB82D529952E.toolTip = Shoemaker workshop HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C08DF28B_FAC8_B2AD_41E2_F0B67AC275E8.toolTip = Stables HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B77E5122_FA38_6F9F_41D8_2E51D0A684CB.toolTip = Tailor shop HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B071FECA_A9BE_3913_41D3_3B6D3E5A1E3B.toolTip = The "Piaski" sand hills that served as the execution site for the camp HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BC52A581_A952_0B11_41DE_4F745554630C.toolTip = The "between-wire" where prisoners were kept prior to execution. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CDA50B3F_FAF8_73E5_41B3_ECC0BD512B42.toolTip = The Sands, mass killing site HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5E0283F6_61AF_633B_41D6_6917DCD0111C.toolTip = There were 6-8 guard towers around the camp. The location of this one suggests that it was built before the main gate. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_49D31FD3_61A4_A379_41C7_F73D38269665.toolTip = There were between 6 and 8 guard towers overlooking the camp. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D25509A1_FA4F_DE9D_41EB_7B19A6C2CF47.toolTip = There were two standing cells called "bunkers" on either side of the main gate to hold prisoners and Jews captured in hiding. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_55EDBC7E_F559_23F2_41E5_416705231A76.toolTip = These buildings likely housed SS men assigned to the camp. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D374351C_FA48_D7AB_41E8_1D9EBDEC74B4.toolTip = This is the main guard house and entry point for the ZAL-L HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_56A52576_61ED_E73B_41D3_678C803B73D2.toolTip = This is the so-called "between-wire." It was an area where prisoners were kept usually before being murdered. HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C24084FB_FAC7_D66D_41EA_AB9124D1D9FA.toolTip = Unknown HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B3843EA2_FA3B_D29F_41DA_88053FBD33B2.toolTip = Warehouse HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B1651A14_FA39_FDBB_41E0_08432D507051.toolTip = Warehouse HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B38C12DE_FA38_F2A7_41EF_16CCA04040A0.toolTip = Warehouse HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B8072B2E_FAD8_D3E7_41E8_613805E74A2D.toolTip = Warehouse HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5F288FC8_61A4_A357_41D3_1793B447BA29.toolTip = Warehouses, garages, and workshops HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_844292D2_9A22_7C0F_41D2_9B4D6E98E61E.toolTip = Warehouses, garages, and workshops HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_AA64B3D8_FA3F_D2AC_41E5_8179A1E4F3E7.toolTip = Warehouses, workshops, and garages HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CC17A7FB_FAC8_526D_41E0_2F031C27C00C.toolTip = Warehouses, workshops, and garages ## Media ### Description photo_4EF7C3F6_6C2D_8B8F_41CD_C837342A0B3C.description = 1944 photo of the guard tower and inner gate with the bone grinding machine in the foreground, right. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_4EF7C3F6_6C2D_8B8F_41CD_C837342A0B3C.description = 1944 photo of the guard tower and inner gate with the bone grinding machine in the foreground, right. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_F946087D_EB81_3668_41D8_8C6FECA2BE34.description = A map of the camp drawn by Zeev Porath. The location of the front gate is indicated by the red circle and a drawing of the gate appears at bottom length. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_F946087D_EB81_3668_41D8_8C6FECA2BE34.description = A map of the camp drawn by Zeev Porath. The location of the front gate is indicated by the red circle and a drawing of the gate appears at bottom length. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_3B06E7F2_00A1_F989_40EF_2ECDA9DE9980.description = A photo of the interior of the main gate taken after liberation in 1944. The individuals pictured are members of the Red Army (likely investigators from the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission) and civilians (likely survivors of the camp). \ \ (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_3B06E7F2_00A1_F989_40EF_2ECDA9DE9980.description = A photo of the interior of the main gate taken after liberation in 1944. The individuals pictured are members of the Red Army (likely investigators from the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission) and civilians (likely survivors of the camp). \ \ (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_AABA63C6_FA49_D2A7_41D7_14F70A92F2F8.description = A streetcar takes Lviv Jews from the ghetto to the Janowska camp photo_8CEBAE30_AE9A_296C_41D5_13716D5C57E4.description = Camp latrines in the men's camp in a photo from 1944 (post-liberation). This is the only known photo of the latrines. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_8CEBAE30_AE9A_296C_41D5_13716D5C57E4.description = Camp latrines in the men's camp in a photo from 1944 (post-liberation). This is the only known photo of the latrines. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_8E7E07C4_AE9A_6734_41D9_E83000176C65.description = Depiction of bunks inside a barracks by survivor Bernard Slawik. (Australian War Memorial) photo_8E7E07C4_AE9A_6734_41D9_E83000176C65.description = Depiction of bunks inside a barracks by survivor Bernard Slawik. (Australian War Memorial) photo_4CA2E4D6_6C15_8D8F_41B7_C1CA717909A8.description = Drawing by prisoner Zeev Porath of a work brigade pausing to be counted at the inner gate. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_4CA2E4D6_6C15_8D8F_41B7_C1CA717909A8.description = Drawing by prisoner Zeev Porath of a work brigade pausing to be counted at the inner gate. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_A098378E_FB1E_5B31_41E3_B616E368A10F.description = Four SS guards pose in front of the guardhouse. They are (from L to R) Voske, Schulze, Käfer, and Kolonko.

Note the little girl in the background standing behind the guards inside the guardhouse. This is most likely, Heike Willhaus, the daughter of the first commandant, Gustav Willhaus.

(Yad Vashem) photo_A098378E_FB1E_5B31_41E3_B616E368A10F.description = Four SS guards pose in front of the guardhouse. They are (from L to R) Voske, Schulze, Käfer, and Kolonko.

Note the little girl in the background standing behind the guards inside the guardhouse. This is most likely, Heike Willhaus, the daughter of the first commandant, Gustav Willhaus.

(Yad Vashem) photo_B291A0AC_AE8A_3974_41A2_15B7F7B311D2.description = Partially destroyed and intact men's barracks in the inner precinct of the camp in this 1944 post-liberation photograph. The camp latrines can be seen in the center (back) between the two barracks building. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_B291A0AC_AE8A_3974_41A2_15B7F7B311D2.description = Partially destroyed and intact men's barracks in the inner precinct of the camp in this 1944 post-liberation photograph. The camp latrines can be seen in the center (back) between the two barracks building. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_80662C17_00A6_4EB7_4155_FD1CBE2BA6AE.description = The Janowska guard force of both SS men and auxiliaries standing in front of the warehouses in the camp.

Note the prisoners working on scaffolding in the background.

(Lewinter Family Collection) photo_80662C17_00A6_4EB7_4155_FD1CBE2BA6AE.description = The Janowska guard force of both SS men and auxiliaries standing in front of the warehouses in the camp.

Note the prisoners working on scaffolding in the background.

(Lewinter Family Collection) photo_5134C8CA_61E7_6D6B_41D2_B839F68BBE3B.description = The camp headquarters as it appeared shortly after liberation. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_5134C8CA_61E7_6D6B_41D2_B839F68BBE3B.description = The camp headquarters as it appeared shortly after liberation. (Lewinter Family Collection) photo_840748FB_AE86_2ADC_41D8_697106B246D4.description = This drawing by prisoner Zeev Porath shows the appellplatz (upper right) along with groups of prisoners leaving the inner precinct of the camp after morning roll-call. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_840748FB_AE86_2ADC_41D8_697106B246D4.description = This drawing by prisoner Zeev Porath shows the appellplatz (upper right) along with groups of prisoners leaving the inner precinct of the camp after morning roll-call. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_5D8ACEAA_619D_652B_41D3_2EFC177A7ACF.description = This drawing by prisoner architect Zeev Porath shows the camp headquarters at left along with the camp orchestra directly beneath it. A group of prisoners are marching out to work at bottom right. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_5D8ACEAA_619D_652B_41D3_2EFC177A7ACF.description = This drawing by prisoner architect Zeev Porath shows the camp headquarters at left along with the camp orchestra directly beneath it. A group of prisoners are marching out to work at bottom right. (Ghetto Fighter's House Museum) photo_D80E3CB5_FA48_B6E5_41DE_4EBD9CE1474C.description = This photo shows the main gate of the ZAL-L. The commandant, Gustav Willhaus, is exiting on horseback while guards look on. (Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg) photo_D80E3CB5_FA48_B6E5_41DE_4EBD9CE1474C.description = This photo shows the main gate of the ZAL-L. The commandant, Gustav Willhaus, is exiting on horseback while guards look on. (Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg) photo_4D53483C_61E5_ED2F_41D0_C6E0B93E6204.description = Today the camp headquarters building is a multi-family dwelling but is little changed from its time as the Janowska camp headquarters. (Lviv Center) photo_4D53483C_61E5_ED2F_41D0_C6E0B93E6204.description = Today the camp headquarters building is a multi-family dwelling but is little changed from its time as the Janowska camp headquarters. (Lviv Center) ### Floorplan ### Image imlevel_86E87C45_AEE5_E26C_41D3_2BCA4ACD62F0.url = media/map_BDA10801_FB77_B533_41C6_C21E15CE7331_en_0.webp imlevel_86E84C45_AEE5_E26C_41DB_3A43D7BC81A8.url = media/map_BDA10801_FB77_B533_41C6_C21E15CE7331_en_1.webp imlevel_86E8BC45_AEE5_E26C_41C0_8F5A523CE75A.url = media/map_BDA10801_FB77_B533_41C6_C21E15CE7331_en_2.webp imlevel_86E88C45_AEE5_E26C_41DA_E44A5CCE6E56.url = media/map_BDA10801_FB77_B533_41C6_C21E15CE7331_en_3.webp imlevel_86E8EC45_AEE5_E26C_41E5_BE8C31F4A8AC.url = media/map_BDA10801_FB77_B533_41C6_C21E15CE7331_en_4.webp imlevel_8A1833E2_AE86_7EEC_41C1_FF86E04DC64A.url = media/panorama_D1B1BD25_F56B_FD16_41AF_BCD398962B3D_HS_9o00hv02_en.webp imlevel_8A78745B_AE86_79DC_41DD_3B581FB7BAF3.url = media/panorama_D1B1BD25_F56B_FD16_41AF_BCD398962B3D_HS_xa1hb0m4_en.webp ### Title photo_A098378E_FB1E_5B31_41E3_B616E368A10F.label = Janowska, Poland, SS men, Weske, Schulze, Keifer and W. Kolanko. (YVA 3909_16) photo_A098378E_FB1E_5B31_41E3_B616E368A10F.label = Janowska, Poland, SS men, Weske, Schulze, Keifer and W. Kolanko. 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Just inside the main gate was a small guardhouse for camp guards and where visitors presumably would check in. On either side of the gate were the so-called “bunkers.” These were standing cells for prisoners. Most did not survive this.
If you look at the photo of the gatehouse, you will see the remarkable image of a little girl inside who is most likely Heike Willhaus, the daughter of the camp commandant.
This powerful image suggests that family of the SS made their way into the camp. Indeed, the houses of the SS were located within the outer perimeter of the camp very close to the inner camp where the prisoners lived.
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The imposing camp headquarters building was likely a pre-war building converted for use in the camp. It consisted of three floors and housed the offices of the SS administration including the commandant of the camp, Gustav Willhaus. It also served as the reception building for new camp inmates.
On the ground floor was the Aufnahmebüro or reception office. New prisoners were made to wait in the hallway or outside the building, facing the wall until they were called into the office. There, they would be registered and often assigned a work detail. When Leon Wells arrived, a Jewish worker in the office told him to identify himself as a skilled worker so he told the SS that he was a glassworker. Commandant Willhaus often participated personally in these interviews. New prisoners were forced to surrender all their possessions which were kept in the headquarters building to be divided up among the SS and/or sent back to Germany. They were often forced to strip naked to be searched. At some point in the process, they would be shaved by the camp barbers. Samuel Drix recalled that this took place outside, in front of the headquarters building.
“Early in the evening, the first groups of those who had been selected for Janow camp were conducted to the Aufnahmeburo (admission office), where the final admittance to the camp took place. 1 and other doctors (there were eight of us) waited until midnight for our turn to come. A Jewish policeman told us that interventions on our behalf had not brought about the desired results. Our only privilege was that we were allowed to stay in our clothes. This was through Deputy Rokita's instructions. The others had their clothes taken away and got some rags. In the Aufnahmeburo we had to give away everything we had with us. I gave up my physician's bag, which held my stethoscope and other instruments, as well as my diploma. We were registered. An SS man looked through our pockets. Then we were led to the second floor, where we had to undress completely. There were two SS men there. One was a Hungarian German, Blum; short, freckled, keeping a long whip in his hand. One had the impression that the whip was taller than he was. He warned us once again that we had to give away everything we had, especially money. If he found even one penny on somebody, he told us, he would kill this man like a dog. He shook the whip and pointed at a pistol lying nearby.
When we were already naked, we gave our things to be checked. After a few minutes we got them back and got dressed. Then we were conducted to the barbers standing outdoors in front of the Aufnahmeburo. The night was quite cool, the sky was cloudy. The only light in the camp was from the moving searchlights on the turrets, illuminating the whole camp. In this light our hair was cut down to nothing. The barbers worked in the Stakhanov style, doing us quickly, one after another. (Alexei Stakhanov was a miner from the Donetsk coal basin. He was famous for working so rapidly that he repeatedly broke the records for work accomplished. The Stalinist regime made him a national hero and role model.) This was a painful procedure for us, since the barbers were cutting brutally with their cutting machines not cleaned or especially sharpened. Past midight we were entirely ready to be admitted to the camp.” (Drix, Witness to Annihilation: Surviving the Holocaust, a Memoir, 60)
Once the new prisoners were dressed, a large “orange-red” stripe was painted on their backs to identify them. They would then join the camp population.
The many thousands of men, women, and children who entered the camp on the way to Bełżec were not registered at all, but simply kept in the outer precinct of the camp until their turn to be loaded onto freight cars at the Kleparow station.
Behind you to the right is a working area of the camp. This included a series of low-slung workshops and garages as well as the camp stables.
To your left is the inner gate to the camp and your next destination.
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After in-processing, prisoners would then be marched into the inner precinct of the camp where the barracks, kitchens, and appelplatz were located. This gate area was initially the main entrance to the ZAL until it was moved in autumn 1942 and the more imposing gate was built. This inner gate marked the boundary between the area where the male prisoners were confined and the outer precinct which contained peripheral support buildings like warehouses and workshops.
Next to this gate was small guard shack where SS men could take shelter. Prisoners were counted in and out of the camp here. As all prisoners leaving the camp passed by this point, it also served as the scene of frequent violence and intimidation directed at camp inmates. Interestingly, the guard shack is one of the only buildings whose color we know because a survivor recalled that it was yellow.
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"In both of the hollowed-out pillars of the main gates of the camp one finds bunkers, being vestibules of death - so cramped, that prisoners have to stand all the time. A lattice-like iron bar encloses the entrance, allowing those waiting for death. It is precisely for this that these bunkers are here and designed in this manner: a view of the condemned should serve as a moral warning for the passing columns. At this moment one finds in the hollowed out pillars one woman and two men. Those who were there in the morning are already dead."(Borwicz, Michał Maksymilian. The University of Criminals: The Janowska Camp in Lviv 1941-1944. Krakow: Wysoki Zamek Publishing House, 2014, p. 38)
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"They drove in the direction of Janowska Camp, and drew up in the big yard there. We were ordered to get out of the truck and line up facing the wall, and to press our noses against it. We obeyed. It was very cold. Two Ukrainian guards walked back and forth behind us, hitting us without mercy when we made the slightest movement." (Wells, Leon Weliczker. The Janowska Road. New York: MacMillan Company, 1963, p. 58)
“We were crammed on these lorries in an impossible way. Women and children cried, wailed. Passersby looked at us with interest. I tried with all my strength to protect my sister from suffocation. We approached Goluchowski Square, where the streetcar rails crossed, and, with trembling hearts we waited to see which way our cars would turn. To the left, in the direction of the Lyczakow sand quarry-that is, to be executed-or straight, in the direction of Kleparow station? We sighed with relief. The streetcar did not turn; we were going to Kleparow station, hence to Belzec or to Janowska camp.” (Drix, Samuel. Witness to Annihilation: Surviving the Holocaust, a Memoir. Washington: Brassey's, 1994, 56)
"Together with other women, I often hung around near the camp. Many other women did the same. They sought contact with their loved ones behind the barbed wire. I knew all the SS men. I also knew what to expect from each of them. They often yelled at us like animals. They drove the women away with whips. Once an SS man fired at us with his machine gun. After the SS retreated from the “battlefield” with jeers and curses, a woman lay dead on the cobblestones. A few women were wounded. From then on, the sidewalk was often colored with blood." (“Translation of Szkola Okuricienstwa by Stanislawa Gogolowska, Wydanictwo Lubelskie, 1964." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1720, p. 20.)
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Between the living and work zones there was a gate through which prisoners going to work were led. Next to this gate was a small rise of about a meter. When the prisoners passed through this gate, Wilhaus, Kolonko, and other SS men gathered on this rise. There were usually three or 4 people. Next to them stood the guards. The prisoners passed through the gate in rows of five. When we passed by the rise, the brigadier gave the command “Hats off!”
Miroslav Rycevskij, 1967
(”Rycevskij, Miroslav Statement, 27 January 1967." BA-ZS: B162/20039, p. 314)
[SS-Scharführer] Kolonko lived with his family in a small house not far from Willhaus’ villa. The house was also inside the camp complex. Kolonko had the role of an assistant to the commandant. He supervised the roll-call formations and if a prisoner had a request, he had to take it to Kolonko. Along with the Jewish kapo, Axer, he assigned people to the work brigades. Almost every day he stood at the camp gate when the work brigades arrived and left. (”Porath, Zeev Statement, 6 June 1961." StAL: EL 48-2, Bü 397, p.1326)
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On the right side of the camp stood a two-story building where all the offices were. At the front of the houses after a couple of steps was the hallway that led to the Aufnahmebüro. Candidates were brought here and had to wait with their hands above their head and their face to the wall. In the office, Rokita or Willhaus—rarely both together—would carry out an interrogation of the newcomers. The process of interrogation and body search was accompanied by blows and particular tortures. Prisoners worked in the office. At the typewriter ruled the golden-haired Hilda from Vienna. There was also a guardian angel, an SS man, who officiated from behind a not large partition which separated him from the prisoner workers.
Stanislawa Gogolowska
(“Translation of Szkola Okuricienstwa by Stanislawa Gogolowska, Wydanictwo Lubelskie, 1964." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1720, p. 50.)
They drove in the direction of Janowska Camp, and drew up in the big yard there. We were ordered to get out of the truck and line up facing the wall, and to press our noses against it. We obeyed. It was very cold. Two Ukrainian guards walked back and forth behind us, hitting us without mercy when we made the slightest movement. Then we were called one by one into the office. When I entered I spotted near the desk a Jewish woman, a stenographer, who asked me in a pitying voice what such a young fellow as I was doing there, because prisoners of my age were seldom seen at Janowska. I told her what had happened, and she advised me to report myself as a skilled worker. Then I had to hurry on into the office. There sat the camp commander and the speaker for the camp. I was ordered to empty my pockets, and was asked my name and my profession. I stated that I was a glass worker, the only skill I could think of. Then I was sent back to take my oId place against the wall. When all of us had been "interviewed," they took us into the camp through a door that was covered with barbed wire. This was the real Janowska.
Leon Wells
(Wells, Leon Weliczker. The Janowska Road. New York: MacMillan Company, 1963, p. 58)
When the sorting was finished, we were arranged in a row, while two inmates, with a pail full of lacquer paint, painted a broad red-orange stripe on the backs of our jackets. Then voices were heard, "Roll call Roll call" Brigades hastily formed in rows on the grounds behind the kitchen. In front of them, on a platform made of stone pillars and wooden beams, several SS men were standing, headed by Scharfuhrer Kolonko. Beside them stood Oberjude ("head Jew") Kampf. Near Kampf stood Rysiek Axer, from the camp office. Axer was the son of a famous Jewish lawyer in Lwow. He was favored by Willhaus, the camp commander, and he used this position to help many camp inmates. The highest authority, Willhaus himself, did not appear.”
Samuel Drix
(Drix, Samuel. Witness to Annihilation: Surviving the Holocaust, a Memoir. Washington: Brassey's, 1994, 62)
When new prisoners were delivered to the camp, a selection aktion took place directly opposite the office on the assembly square. At the discretion of the SS-man in charge, a few prisoners were set aside for forced labor in the camp, others for reloading onto trains, and others for execution on the spot which was carried out on the spot. Those loaded on to trains, as we learned later, were sent to the Bełżec extermination camp from the Kleparów train station which was only a few hundred meters from the camp. (“Porath, Zeev Letter 30 November 1960." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1505, p. 499)
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Once processed into the camp, the prisoners would be assigned a barracks. Thus, began their daily lives in the camp. The barracks were massively overcrowded and insufficient for the population of the camp. The men’s barracks were positioned around the Appellplatz. The women’s camp, built in 1943, was located outside of this inner part of the camp.
The Appellplatz or roll call square was the center of the camp. It was the site of daily counts of the prisoner population by the guards. These roll calls would often last hours during which prisoners had to stand at attention. They took place regardless of the weather. Prisoners who arrived between the morning and evening roll-call would assemble here for the first time in the evening after being processed.
After the morning roll call, prisoners would march out of the inner precinct of the camp by brigade to their places of work. In doing so, they would pass through the inner gate where they would be logged and any prisoners who were deemed unfit for labor would be placed in the so-called “between-wire” enclosure where they would await their deaths.
If you turn around, you can see the balcony of the commandant’s house from which he and his wife would shoot prisoners for sport.
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Testimony of Norbert Schalet (b. 1926), 1995. (© USC Shoah Foundation)
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The imposing main gate at the Janowska camp was actually built in the autumn of 1942. Before that time, the entrance to the camp was via the inner gate. The gate was designed to project an image of power and authority. A sign on top of the gate read SS- und Polizeiführer Zwangsarbeitslager (SS and Police Leader Forced Labor Camp).
Survivor Samuel Drix recalled that “The letters were composed of electric bulbs, which, illuminated during the night, gave the impression of an entrance to a circus.” The street leading from the main gate to the inner gate and prisoner compound was paved with tombstones taken from the adjacent Lviv Jewish Cemetery.
The two pillars of the gate were hollowed out to create two standing cells used to punish prisoners. Just inside the gate on the right was the main guardhouse. There were usually 5-6 SS men or auxiliary guards on duty here.
Prisoners to the camp arrived in several ways. Some arrived via the city streetcar line which stopped a short distance from the main gate. Others were marched on foot or trucked in. Some prisoners arrived on trains at the nearby Kleparów freight station and were marched the short 300m to the camp.
Many of the people who entered these gates were not destined to become Janowska prisoners but instead were simply being assembled prior to their deportation to the Bełżec extermination center. Survivor David Kahane wrote of one such arrival in November 1942:
A long column of several hundred people lined up in rows of five and, escorted by Ukrainian policemen under the command of the SS man, marched down Kazimierzowska and Janowska streets to the camp. As if to add insult to injury, the sun was shining brightly. People strolled about, women pushed baby prams and warmed themselves in the last rays of the autumn sun. The world went on as before. It refused to stop just because a few hundred Jews were led off to the Janowski camp. (David Kahane, Lvov Ghetto Diary, trans. Jerzy Michalowicz (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990), 88)
This new camp entrance commissioned by Willhaus was intended to portray a sense of power and threat to locals while keeping them at bay. You may notice the stone walls of the camp connecting to this gate. They only existed on the side of the camp facing the streets and pedestrian paths. The rest of the camp was enclosed by more simple (and transparent) double barbed-wire fences.
(Photo: Hermann Lewinter Family Collection)
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The morning roll-call formations were conducted by SS-man Kolonko who also assigned people to work. He must then report to commandant Untersturmführer Willhaus who was also present. Willhaus and his deputy Rokita walked along and inspected all prisoners as they were assembled in individual columns. Then they set off.
The prisoners must leave through the main entrance of the camp. It certainly happened now and then that also by setting out to work prisoners were selected out of the columns because they were sick and could no longer march correctly; however, this only happened rarely. The sick were mainly already selected out on the Appellplatz. (”Rogowski, Marian Statement, 22 September 1961." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1502, p. 141)
Then Rokita selected during the evening Appell in the camp prisoners to be shot because others from their work site had escaped. He also constantly shot others for other reasons like, for example, if he thought someone had smoked. One time my neighbor next me was smoking as we were standing on the on the appellplatz. Rokita must have somehow noticed this. He believed, however, that I was the one who smoked. He called me to him and said “Turn around.” I knew what was going to happen to me and I told him that I had never smoked in my life and wasn’t now either. Rokita replied, “You’re lucky” and let me go back. ("Weinberg, Jozef Statement, 8 January 1964." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1516, p. 98)
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“Most of the housing was composed of old and rundown buildings that were remnants of the Polish and Soviet eras. Since the Germans treated camps as temporary facilities, they did nothing to improve housing conditions. In the Janowska camp, wooden barracks were built in the shape of an elongated rectangle and furnished with four to six tiers of bunks on which prisoners were to sleep. The shelves, like the bunks, were of rough and unplaned wood. Dirt and filth were dominant everywhere; fierce cold permeated the barracks the winter. Only late in evening, after a day of bone-breaking labor, were workers allowed to enter their barracks. During the night, from 2200 hours until roll call, the barracks were locked and exit was not allowed, even to the latrine. Most barracks did not have a bucket or any other implement for waste. A sense suffocation pervaded the sealed, overcrowded barracks. At daybreak, inmates rushed to join the lengthy queue at the latrine and at the mess hall to obtain their paltry breakfast..” (Yones, Eliyahu. Smoke in the Sand: The Jews of Lvov in the War Years, 1939-1944, p. 191)

“Later on, in November 1942, after the new barracks had been constructed, housing conditions significantly improved. The new barracks had bunk beds of smoothed boards, and cleanliness was looked after quite carefully by the newly nominated ordners, Bunk beds were mounted in four to five levels, with considerable space between them. They were covered with sacks for pallets. Once the privileged Wehrmacht workers from HKP arrived, covers and blankets, which the workers had brought with them on special allowance, appeared, Soon a majority of inmates did the same, following in their steps. Starting with the HKP Wehrmacht workers, people began to fill the sacks with straw, and by the beginning of 1943 all the bunk beds were coveted with pallets, The new barracks, like the old one, were not heated during winter, so that having come back from work we trembled from the cold until the breathing of the crowd warmed the room adequately. Aryans, as before, continued to have a separate barrack that, to the best of my knowledge, was similar to ours. In the old barrack, we were in separate parts of the same building.” (Drix, Samuel. Witness to Annihilation: Surviving the Holocaust, a Memoir. Washington: Brassey's, 1994, 84)

The center of the Janowska camp consisted of the sleeping barracks of the men and women’s camps. The men’s camp consisted of four sleeping barracks which were grouped around the Appellplatz. In the barracks one found simply five-story wooden bunks on which you could only lie down, but couldn’t sit up. There were no straw mattresses, no blankets and definitely no sheets. At bedtime, we simply took our shoes off and covered ourselves with our coats. In each barracks there were two block elders. We also had a Jewish representative named Orland who theoretically looked after our interests. (“Katz, Aron Statement, 11 March 1961." StAL: EL 317 III, Bü 1523, p. 127.)
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PI: Waitman Wade Beorn, PhD, FRHistS
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The Visualizing Janowska Project represents one of the first attempts at building a digital reconstruction of a Nazi concentration camp. This visualization was based on a variety of historical sources and and analysis of the extant testimony about the camp as the camp itself (mostly) does not exist anymore.


The project has two paths. First, it is an opportunity for scholarly research into the possibilities and challenges of digital reconstruction as a mode of historical inquiry and education. Secondly, and most importantly for this site, it is an opportunity to allow visitors to virtually tour and learn about an important and overlooked historical Holocaust site that no longer exists.


My goal is to be both informative about the history of the camp but also transparent about all that we don't know (and the assumptions we have made in this process). To learn more about the process of making this model, do visit the site home here.



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About the Visualizing Janowska Project...
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The Visualizing Janowska Project


© 2026 Waitman Wade Beorn
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This is the Camp Arrivals tour. It is meant as a basic introduction to the ZAL-L/Janowska camp. The tour is structured in the order that one might experience the camp if you were a new arrival to the camp. It is not a simulation for a wide variety of reasons, but is a representation of the steps you would take if you had been deported from the Lviv ghetto. As a result, the introductory text with each location is structured on the arrival experience. You will be able to see and hear more about the process via primary sources at each stop on the tour. For instructions on how to navigate the Visualizing Janowska Project, click on the “How to Take This Tour” tab at left.
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## Tour ### Description ### Title tour.name = VJ- Intro Tour